Today I learn about Byzantine generals problem,
also refer to as Byzantine fault problem,
from en.wikipedia.org entry:
A Byzantine fault (also refer to as Byzantine generals problem, ...) is a condition of a computer system, particularly distributed computing systems, where components may fail and there is imperfect information on whether a component has failed. The term takes its name from an allegory, the "Byzantine generals problem",[2] developed to describe a situation in which, in order to avoid catastrophic failure of the system, the system's actors must agree on a concerted strategy, but some of these actors are unreliable.
── where components may fail and there is imperfect information on whether a component has failed.
── we do not know whether a component has failed
── components reliability determination problem
── components reliability
── a component such as a server can inconsistently appear both failed and functioning to failure-detection systems, presenting different symptoms to different observers.
── a component can appear both failed and functioning
── the problem could be with the failure-detection systems
── problem could be with the unreliable communication pathway
── problem could be noise within the system or from external source (shielding)
── the same problem presents different symptoms to different observers
── We don't see things as they are, we see things as we are.
—— Anaïs Nin, (Wisdom Through the Ages : A Collection of Favorite Quotations / Hellen Granat, copyright © 1998, ——, p.143)
── “We see things not as they are, but as we are.”
—— Talmud, according to Alan Kay, in this 2007 TED talk
https://www.ted.com/talks/alan_kay_a_powerful_idea_about_ideas
02:48
──
──
In a Byzantine fault, a component such as a server can inconsistently appear both failed and functioning to failure-detection systems, presenting different symptoms to different observers. It is difficult for the other components to declare it failed and shut it out of the network, because they need to first reach a consensus regarding which component has failed in the first place. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is the resiliency of a fault-tolerant computer system to such conditions.
source:
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── “divide and rule” principle (correction)
── what people commonly refer to as “divide and conquer” is “divide and rule”
── “divide and conquer” did not started out as “divide and conquer”
── rather the original traceable quote was “divide and rule”
──
──
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7:49
The Man Who Revolutionized Computer Science With Math
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkZzg7Vowao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkZzg7Vowao
Quanta Magazine
May 17, 2022
Leslie Lamport revolutionized how computers talk to each other. The Turing Award-winning computer scientist pioneered the field of distributed systems, where multiple components on different networks coordinate to achieve a common objective. (Internet searches, cloud computing and artificial intelligence all involve orchestrating legions of powerful computing machines to work together.) In the early 1980s, Lamport also created LaTeX, a document preparation system that provides sophisticated ways to typeset complex formulas and format scientific documents. In 1989, Lamport invented Paxos, a “consensus algorithm” that allows multiple computers to execute complex tasks; without it, modern computing could not exist. He’s also brought more attention to a handful of problems, giving them distinctive names like the bakery algorithm and the Byzantine Generals Problem. Lamport’s work since the 1990s has focused on “formal verification,” the use of mathematical proofs to verify the correctness of software and hardware systems. Notably, he created a “specification language” called TLA+ (for Temporal Logic of Actions), which employs the precise language of mathematics to prevent bugs and avoid design flaws. Read more at Quanta Magazine:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/computing-expert-says-programmers-need-more-math-20220517
____________________________________
7:49
The Man Who Revolutionized Computer Science With Math
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkZzg7Vowao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkZzg7Vowao
Quanta Magazine
May 17, 2022
Leslie Lamport revolutionized how computers talk to each other. The Turing Award-winning computer scientist pioneered the field of distributed systems, where multiple components on different networks coordinate to achieve a common objective. (Internet searches, cloud computing and artificial intelligence all involve orchestrating legions of powerful computing machines to work together.) In the early 1980s, Lamport also created LaTeX, a document preparation system that provides sophisticated ways to typeset complex formulas and format scientific documents. In 1989, Lamport invented Paxos, a “consensus algorithm” that allows multiple computers to execute complex tasks; without it, modern computing could not exist. He’s also brought more attention to a handful of problems, giving them distinctive names like the bakery algorithm and the Byzantine Generals Problem. Lamport’s work since the 1990s has focused on “formal verification,” the use of mathematical proofs to verify the correctness of software and hardware systems. Notably, he created a “specification language” called TLA+ (for Temporal Logic of Actions), which employs the precise language of mathematics to prevent bugs and avoid design flaws. Read more at Quanta Magazine:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/computing-expert-says-programmers-need-more-math-20220517
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